TABLE 1. CONSERVATION PRACTICE DESCRIPTIONS &  CLASSIFICATION OF PRACTICE EFFECTS ON CULTURAL RESOURCES.
Practice	Units	Code	Practice Description	Practice Extent	Classification	Comments
Above Ground Multi-Outlet Pipeline	Ft.	431	A water distribution tubing consisting of aluminum, PVC, or lay-flat polyethylene pipeline with closely spaced orifices or gates.	Aluminum, PVC or polyethylene pipelines are installed on the surface for irrigation.	E
Access Road	Ft.	560	A travel way constructed as part of a conservation plan.	Earth shaping and grading, vegetation removal, placement of gravel, culverts, berms, etc.	U
Agrichemical Mixing Center	Ea.	702	A permanent structure with an impervious surface to provide an environmentally safe area for the handling of on-farm agrichemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers, that are used in spraying operations on cropland, orchards, lawns, and other vegetated areas.	Removal of vegetation, site grading, placement of concrete and/or building	U
Amendments for Treatment of Agricultural Waste	AU	591	Treatment of manure, process wastewater, storm water runoff from lots or other high intensity areas, and other wastes, with chemical or biological additives.	Use of a chemical or biological amendment  to treat waste.	E
Animal Mortality Facility	No.	316	An on-farm facility for the treatment or disposal of livestock and poultry carcasses.	May be the same as 317 (Composting Facility), or may involve excavation of a burial pit - mimimum 4 feet wide and depth must accommodate a minimum of 2 feet of cover over the mortality.	U
Aquaculture Ponds (Construction)	Ac.	397	A water impoundment constructed and managed for commercial aquaculture production.	Soil is excavated 18" - 8 or more feet in depth from an area and spoil material is generally placed and shaped nearby.	U
Aquaculture Ponds (Water Management)	Ac.	397	A water impoundment constructed and managed for commercial aquaculture production.	Using the "6/3 drop fill scheme" of water level management	E
Bedding	Ac.	310	Plowing, blading, or otherwise elevating the surface of flat land into a series of broad, low ridges separated by shallow, parallel dead furrows.	Earthmoving with heavy equipment to form ridges and furrows. Usually in poorly drained areas.	U
Brush Management (Heavy Equipment)	Ac.	314	Managing and manipulating stands of shrubs and short, scrubby trees on pastureland or recreation and wildlife areas by mechanical means using heavy equipment.	Use of a dozer or other heavy equipment to scrap vegetation away.	U
Brush Management (Non-Heavy Equipment)	Ac.	314	Managing and manipulating stands of shrubs and short, scrubby trees on pastureland or recreation and wildlife areas by mechanical, chemical, or biological means or by prescribed burning.	Removal of non-herbaceous plants by chemical, biological or prescribed burning. Vegetation can be mechanically removed with a mower, chopper, or offset disk.	E
Channel Bank Vegetation	Ac.	322	Establishing and maintaining adequate plants on channel banks, berms, spoil and associated areas.	Hand planting or seeding material along disturbed channel banks	E
Channel Stabilization	Ft.	584	Stabilizing the channel of a stream with suitable structures.	Heavy construction equipment is generally used and concrete or metal structures are placed into the  natural channel bottom and/or sidewalls to control grade and/or flow.	U
Clearing and Snagging (In Channel)	Ft.	326	Removing snags, drifts, or other obstructions from a channel.	Construction equipment is used to pull fallen or leaning trees from streams, creeks and drainage ditches.  Sand bars and debris piles are removed with heavy equipment such as an excavator.	E	Be aware of the potential for cultural resources such as fishweirs, historic mill sites, submerged vessels, etc.
Clearing and Snagging (On Bank)	Ft.	326	Removing snags, drifts, or other obstructions from along channel banks.	Clearing vegetation from banks	U
Closure of Waste Impoundments	No.	360	Closure of treatment lagoons and waste storage ponds that are no longer used for their intended purpose.	Removing waste by transferring to land by pumping with irrigation equipment or manure spreaders; or dredging, stockpiling, draining and spreading.	E
Composting Facility	No.	317	A facility for the composting of the normal daily mortalities from a poultry or livestock operations.	Usually, site is graded and shaped, and a concrete pad with roof and sides is constructed.   Approximately 10 to over 40 feet in length and/or width.	U
Conservation Cover	Ac.	327	Establishment and maintenance of perennial vegetative cover to protect soil and water resources on land retired from agriculture production.	Planting permanent vegetative cover of grasses, legumes, trees or shrubs.	E	May be used to conserve and stabilize archaeological sites.
Conservation Crop Rotation	Ac.	328	An adapted sequence of crops designed to provide adequate organic residue for maintenance or improvement of soil tilth.	Normal planting of annual crops using farm equipment	E
Constructed Wetland	Ac.	656	Wetland designed and constructed for the primary purpose of water quality improvement.	Same as Dike (356) and Structure for Water Control (587)	U
Contour Buffer Strips	Ac.	332	Narrow strips of permanent, herbaceous vegetative cover established across the slope and alternated down the slope with parallel, wider cropped strips.	Planting protective cover on sloping farmland, to prevent erosion.	E
Contour Farming	Ft.	330	Farming sloping land in such a way that preparing land, planting, and cultivating are done on the contour.  (This includes following established grades or terraces or diversions.)	Normal planting of annual crops using farm equipment	E
Cover and Green Manure Crop	Ac.	340	A crop of close-growing grasses, legumes, or small grain grown primarily for seasonal protection and soil improvement.  It usually is grown for one year or less, except where there is permanent cover as in orchards.	Normal planting of annual crops using farm equipment.	E*	*If chiseling used to prepare seedbed, treat this practice as an Undertaking (U)
Critical Area Planting	Ac.	342	Planting vegetation, such as trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, or legumes, on highly erodible or critically eroding areas (does not include tree planting mainly for wood products.)	These areas are highly disturbed, eroded areas to begin with.  Farm or heavy equipment is used to shape the area before planting vegetation.	U
Dam	No. and Ac. Ft	402	An artificial barrier that can impound water for one or more beneficial purposes.	Extensive earthwork is conducted to remove trees, and construct dam and associated pool area.  Permanent water is impounded behind dam.	U
Deep Tillage	Ac.	324	Performing tillage operations below the normal tillage depth to modify the physical or chemical properties of the soil.	Tillage equipment such as chisels, subsoilers, or rippers can go as deep as 24".	U	Chisels - 6 to 8 inches Subsoilers - 8 to 24 inches
Dike	Ft.	356	An embankment constructed of earth or other suitable materials to protect land against overflow or to regulate water.	Heavy farm or construction equipment is used to place soil into a berm 2 - 6 feet high or higher and 4 - 10 feet wide or wider.  Soil may be excavated from a nearby source or adjacent to Dike.	U**	**Must be submitted to SHPO for review if planned as pads & pipes
Diversion	Ft.	362	A channel constructed across the slope with a supporting ridge on the lower side.	Heavy farm or construction equipment is used to excavate a channel and push soil  up into a berm 2 - 6 feet high or higher and 4 - 10 feet wide or wider.	U
Dry Hydrant	Ea.	432	A non-pressurized permanent pipe assembly system installed into water source that permits the withdrawal of water by suction.	Installation of pipeline into a ready water source.  Use of ditch witch if possible.	U
Early Successional Habitat Development/Management	Ac.	647	Manage early plant succession to benefit desired wildlife or natural communities.	Plantings of native grasses.	E
Fence	Ft.	382	Enclosing or dividing an area of land with a suitable, permanent structure that acts as a barrier to livestock, big game, predators, or people.	Posts are installed into the ground by drilling a 4"-6" diameter hole  2-3 feet deep approximately 8-12 feet apart.  Post can be driven into the ground instead of drilling.  Fences may be from a few hundred feet to several thousand feet in length.	E
Field Border	Ft.	386	A strip of perennial vegetation established at the edge or around the perimeter of a field.	Field border 20 to 35 feet wide planted to permanent grass or clover or allowed to establish by natural revegetation.	E
Filter Strip	Ac.	393	An area of vegetation for removing sediment, organic matter, and other pollutants from runoff and wastewater.	Crop field may be planted to grass or trees along a crop field may be removed and planted to grass. May be 10 to 99 feet wide.	E*	*Treat as an Undertaking (U) if Tree/Shrub Site Prep (Mechanical) or Grading/Shaping is required.
Firebreak (New construction)	Ft.	394	A strip of bare land or vegetation that retards fire.	Creating a new firebreak by disking or shallow-plowing.	U
Firebreak (Use of existing features)	Ft.	394	A strip of bare land or vegetation that retards fire.	Use of existing roads, trails, or streams as firebreaks.	E
Fishpond Management	No.	399	Developing or improving impounded water to produce fish for domestic use or recreation.	Regulating water flow, feed, and forage in a pond.	E
Forage Harvest Management	Ac.	511	The timely cutting and removal of forages from the field as hay, greenchop, or ensilage.	Hayland Management.	E
Forest Harvest Trails and Landings	Ac.	655	A route, travel-way or cleared area within a forest.	Installation of paths and walkways.	U
Forest Stand Improvement (Chemical/Hand Tools)	Ac.	666	Removing unmerchantable or undesirable trees, shrubs and/or vines from wooded areas.	Undesirables may be cut with chain saw and left on ground or injected with poison and left standing.	E
Forest Stand Improvement (Cutting/removal with heavy equipment)	Ac.	666	Removing unmerchantable or undesirable trees, shrubs and/or vines from wooded areas.	Undesirables cut and/or removed with forest harvest equipment.	U
Grade Stabilization Structure	No.	410	A structure used to control the grade and head cutting in natural or artificial channels.	A metal pipe with a water control device would be installed through an earth embankment.  Embankment could be from 2 - 6 or more feet high, 8 - 10 feet or more wide and several feet or more long.  Earth is excavated form nearby source.	U
Grassed Waterways	Ac.	412	A natural or constructed channel that is shaped or graded to required dimensions and established in suitable vegetation for the stable conveyance of runoff.	A channel is cut from 12-30 inches deep and 8 to 30 or more feet wide and from 10 to 400 feet or more long.  Spoil is placed and spread on nearby crop field.	U
Heavy Use Area Protection	Ac.	561	Protecting heavily used areas by establishing vegetative cover, by surfacing with suitable materials, or by installing needed structures.	This areas are usually worn, disturbed and eroded from animal or vehicle traffic.  Area is graded and shaped, and hardened material such as rock crushed rock or concrete is usually placed.	U
Hedgerow Planting	Ft.	422	Establishing a living fence of shrubs or trees in, across, or around a field.	Small trees/shrubs are usually hand planted using shovel or dibble, in two or more rows.	E
Incinerator	Ea.	769	An incinerator used to dispose of dead poultry or other small animals.	Incinerator is placed on a concrete pad sometimes with a roof structure. Clearing, grubbing and excavation for foundationin in an area 10-20 feet diameter. Usually located in disturbed area adjacent to poultry houses.	E
Irrigation Canal or Lateral	Ft.	320	A permanent irrigation canal or lateral constructed to convey water from the source of supply to one or more irrigated areas.	Heavy farm or construction equipment is used to clear and grub,  excavate the canal or lateral, and construct embankments.	U
Irrigation Field Ditch	Ft.	388	A permanent irrigation ditch constructed to convey water from the source of supply to a field or fields in a farm distribution system.	Heavy farm or construction equipment is used to clear and grub,  excavate the field ditch, and construct embankments.	U
Irrigation Land Leveling	No.	464	Reshaping the surface of land to be irrigated to planned grades.	Earthmoving equipment such as a fixed blade, grader, or earth pan is pulled across a field in several directions.	U**	***Must be submitted to SHPO for review
Irrigation Regulated Reservoir	No.	552-B	A small storage reservoir constructed to regulate an irrigation water supply.	Heavy farm or construction equipment is used to clear and grub,  excavate the reservoir, and construct embankments.	U
Irrigation Storage Reservoir	No. and Ac. Ft	436	An irrigation water storage structure made by constructing a dam, embankment, or pit.	Heavy farm or construction equipment is used to clear and grub,  excavate the reservoir, and construct embankments.	U
Irrigation System, Microirrigation	No. and Ac.	441	An irrigation system for distribution of water directly to the plant root zone by means of surface or subsurface applicators.	Pipes are placed on the surface or just below the surface within the plowzone. Permanently installed mains and laterals are installed according to standards for irrigation pipelines (430).	E
Irrigation System, Sprinkler	No. and Ac.	442	A planned irrigation system in which all necessary facilities are installed for efficiently applying water by means of perforated pipes or nozzles operated under pressure.	Permanently installed mains and laterals are installed according to standards for irrigation pipelines (430).	E
Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface	No. and Ac.	443	A planned irrigation system in which all necessary water-control structures have been installed for the efficient distribution of irrigation water by surface means, such as furrows, borders, contour levees, or contour ditches, or by subsurface means.	Usually, installing polytubing on the ground surface.	E*	*If installing subsurface lines treat as Undertaking (U).
Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery	No.	447	A facility to collect, store, and transport irrigation tailwater for reuse in a farm irrigation distribution system.	Trenches for pipelines, storage pits, ditches excavated.	U
Irrigation Water Conveyance High-Pressure, Underground, Plastic Pipeline	Ft.	430-DD	A pipeline and appurtenances installed in an irrigation system.	Trenches for pipelines excavated 18 - 30 inches deep and upto 36 inches wide.	U
Irrigation Water Conveyance Low Pressure, Underground, Plastic Pipeline	Ft.	430-EE	A pipeline and appurtenances installed in an irrigation system.	Trenches for pipelines excavated 30-48 inches deep and up to 36 inches wide.	U
Irrigation Water Conveyance Steel Pipeline	Ft.	430-FF	A pipeline and appurtenances installed in an irrigation system.	Trenches for pipelines excavated 24-48 inches deep and up to 36 inches wide.	U
Irrigation Water Management	Ac.	449	Irrigation water management is the process of determining and controlling the volume, frequency, and application rate of irrigation water in a planned, efficient manner.	Managing available water supplies for irrigation.	E
Land Clearing	Ac.	460	Removing trees, stumps, and other vegetation from wooded areas.	Use of heavy equipment, extensive site disturbance.	U
Land Reclamation, Abandoned Mined Land	Ac.	543	Restoring land and water that are adversely affected by past mining practices and increasing the productivity of the areas for beneficial use.	These sites are already or will be highly disturbed from recent mining activity, but reshaping may occur on undisturbed areas adjacent to the existing mine.	U
Land Reclamation, Currently Mined Land	Ac.	544	Restoring currently mined land to an acceptable form and for a planned use.	These sites are already or will be highly disturbed from recent mining activity, but reshaping may occur on undisturbed areas adjacent to the existing mine.	U
Land Reclamation, Highwall Treatment	No. and Ft.	456	Reducing harmful effects of highwalls in abandoned mined areas.	Heavy equipment is used to reshape highwalls. These sites are already or will be highly disturbed from previous mining activity, but reshaping may occur on undisturbed areas adjacent to the existing mine.	U
Land Smoothing	Ac.	466	Removing irregularities on the land surface by use of special equipment.	Tractor or dozer smooth out field surface to a uniform surface.  Usually performed on existing cropland or previously disturbed areas.	U
Lined Waterway Or Outlet	Ft.	468	A waterway or outlet with an erosion-resistant lining of concrete, stone, or other permanent material.  The lined section extends up the side slopes to the designed depth of flow.  The earth above the permanent lining may be vegetated or otherwise protected.	Waterway channel is excavated from 12 to over 30 inches deep and 2 to over 10 feet wide.  Spoil is placed and spread in adjacent field.	U
Livestock Shade Structure	Ac.	717	A permanent or portable, framed structure with mesh fabric roof to provide shade for livestock.	Usually, portable steel or wooden structures positioned on the ground surface with farm equipment.	E
Manure Transfer	No.	634	A manure conveyance system using structures, conduits, or equipment.	Transfering animal manure with hauling equipment to a storage/treatment facility, a loading area, or agricultural land.	E
Mulching	Ac.	484	Applying plant residues or other suitable materials, not produced on the site, to the surface of the soil.	Usually, composted material, plastic sheeting or other suitable material is placed my hand or machine over the top of a crop field or row bed for crop production.	E
Nutrient Management	Ac.	590	Managing the amount, form, placement, and timing of applications of plant nutrients.	Part of normal farming activity.  Incorporation of fertilizer into the root zone is extent of soil disturbance.	E
Obstruction Removal	Ac.	500	Removal and disposal of unwanted, unsightly, or hazardous buildings, structures, vegetation, landscape features, trash, and other materials.	This could be limited to man-made obstructions to natural obstructions such as rock, and will vary greatly from job to job.	U
Open Channel	Ft.	582	Constructing or improving a channel, either natural or artificial, in which water flows with a free surface.	Excavation of soil, clearing, grubbing, and shaping or grading of bottom and banks of channel using heavy equipment.	U
Pasture and Hay Planting	Ac.	512	Establishing and reestablishing long-term stands of adapted species of perennial, biennial, or reseeding forage plants.  (Includes pasture and hayland renovation.  Does not include grassed waterways or outlets on cropland.)	The actual planting activity is done using normal farm equipment.  The planting operation could be conducted on previously cropped land, or cleared land converted from forest or native vegetation.	E*	*If chiseling used to prepare seedbed, treat this practice as an Undertaking (U)
Pest Management	Ac.	595	A system of managing pests (including diseases, weeds, insects and other invertebrates, and wildlife) to reduce adverse effects on plant and animal growth, crop production, farm profitability and environmental resources.	Part of normal farming operation and seldom, if ever, disturbs soil below normal plow layer on cropland or other land.	E
Pipeline	Ft.	516	Pipeline installed or conveying water for livestock or for recreation.	Pipe is placed 18- 30 inches below ground into a 4-6 inch wide trench usually dug using a trenching machine.	U
Pollution Retention Reservior	No.	720	A water impoundment reservoir with controlled water release to trap and store nonpoint source pollutants from agricultural lands.	Earthwork generally completed using heavy construction equipment to excavate and place fill to form a berm, dam or pit.	U
Pond	No.	378	A water impoundment made by constructing a dam or an embankment or by excavating a pit or dugout.	Earthwork is completed using heavy construction equipment to excavate soil and either spread nearby, or place to construct a dam.  Water will be impounded.	U
Pond Sealing or Lining - Bentonite Sealant	No.	521-C	Installing a fixed lining o impervious material or treating the soil in a pond mechanically or chemically to impede or prevent excessive water loss.	Site has already been disturbed for the pond construction.  This liner is placed on top of the soil or incorporated to 6 inches or less.	E
Pond Sealing or Lining - Flexible Membrane	No.	521-A	Installing a fixed lining or impervious material or treating the soil in a pond mechanically or chemically to impede or prevent excessive water loss.	Site has already been disturbed for the pond construction.  This liner is placed on top of the soil or incorporated to 6 inches or less.	E
Pond Sealing or Lining - Soil Dispersant	No.	521-B	Installing a fixed lining of impervious material or treating the soil in a pond mechanically or chemically to impede or prevent excessive water loss.	Site has already been disturbed for the pond construction.  This liner is placed on top of the soil or incorporated to 6 inches or less.	E
Precision Land Forming	Ac.	462	Reshaping the surface of land to planned grades.	Earthmoving equipment such as a fixed blade, grader, or earth pan is pulled across a field in several directions.	U**	***Must be submitted to SHPO for review
Prescribed Burning	Ac.	338	Applying fire to predetermined areas under conditions that the intensity and spread of the fire are controlled.	Controlled burning of undesirable vegetation.	E
Prescribed Grazing	Ac.	528A	Managing the controlled harvest of vegetation with grazing animals.	Grazing in pasture fields.	E
Pumping Plant	No.	533	A pumping facility installed to transfer water for a conservation need, including removing excess surface or ground water; filling ponds, ditches or wetlands; or pumping from wells, ponds, streams, and other sources.	Permanent structure consisting of pump, motor and water conveyance appurtenances.  Facility may be housed in a shed or small building.	U
Recreation Area Improvement (Chemical, Mowing, Hand Tools)	Ac.	562	Establishing grasses, legumes, vines, shrubs, trees, or other plants or selectively reducing stand density and trimming woody plants to improve an area for recreation.	Use of chemicals, mowing or other hand tools to manage weeds and brush.  Use of chain saws to remove undesirable trees. Establishing  woody plants using shovels.	E
Recreation Area Improvement (Mechanical)	Ac.	562	Establishing grasses, legumes, vines, shrubs, trees, or other plants or selectively reducing stand density and trimming woody plants to improve an area for recreation.	Construction equipment used to grade and smooth surface or clear vegetation. Soil disturbance to previously undisturbed areas to prepare seedbed.	U
Recreation Land Grading and Shaping	Ac.	566	Altering the surface of the land to meet the requirements of recreation facilities.	Light to heavy construction equipment needed to remove vegetation and move soil to a specified grade.	U
Recreational Trail and Walkway	Ft.	568	A pathway prepared especially for pedestrian, equestrian, and cycle travel.	Removing vegetation as well as grading work with light to heavy constriction equipment may be needed, however, could also be accomplished with hand tools.  Some trails may have materials placed upon them such as mulch or gravel.	U
Residue Management, Mulch Till	Ac.	329B	Managing the amount and distribution of plant residue on the soil surface year-round, while growing crops where the entire field surface is tilled prior to planting.	Part of normal farming operation which allows for the tillage of crop fields using normal farming equipment.	E
Residue Management, No-Till, and Strip Till	Ac.	329A	Managing the amount and distribution of plant residues on the soil surface year-round, while growing crops in narrow slots or tilled strips in previously untilled soil and residue.	Part of normal farming operation allows for the tillage of strips within the crop field.  Other areas are left in herbaceous vegetation or previous crop residue for the current growing season.  Requires special equipment	E
Residue Management, Ridge-Till	Ac.	329C	Managing the amount and distribution of plant residue on the soil surface year-round, while growing crops on preformed ridges alternated with furrows protected by crop residue.	Part of normal farm operation except that crop rows are shaped into ridges 2-8 inches high and 4-12 inches wide using normal farming equipment.	E
Residue Management, Seasonal	Ac.	344	Using plant residues to protect cultivated fields during critical erosion periods.	Practice attempts to retain crop residues on soil surface after crop harvest.   Non-soil disturbing	E
Restoration and Management of Declining Habitats	Ac.	643	Restoring and conserving rare or declining native vegetated communities and associated wildlife species.		E
Riparian Forest Buffer	Ac.	391	A riparian forest buffer is an area consisting of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants that function as vegetated ecosystems that are located adjacent to waterbodies and watercourses.	Generally, previously cleared land that has been cropped or pastured is planted to trees or other vegetation using a mechanical tree planter or hand planting equipment.	E*	*Treat as an Undertaking (U) if Tree/Shrub Site Prep (Mechanical) or Grading/Shaping is required.
Riparian Herbaceous Cover	Ac.	390	Riparian areas are ecosystems that occur along water courses or at the fringe of water bodies. Riparian herbaceous cover consist of grasses, grasslike plants, and forbs.	Generally, previously cleared land that has been cropped or pastured is planted to native grasses, grasslike plants, and forbs.  Site preparation may be required.	E*	*Treat as an Undertaking (U) if Grading/Shaping is required.
Roof Runoff Structure	No.	558	A facility for collecting, controlling, and disposing of runoff water from roofs.	The placement of gutters on the roof eves and the disposal of the water across the land, away from the building or other nearby structure.	E
Row Arrangement	Ac.	557	Establishing a system of crop rows on planned grades and lengths primarily for erosion control and water management.	Planning row direction, grade and length to provide adequate drainage and erosion control and permit optimum use of rainfall or irrigation water.	E
Runoff Management System	No. and Ac.	570	A system for controlling excess runoff caused by construction operations at development sites, changes in land use, or other land disturbances.	May include light to heavy grading to divert and retain water in swales, ditches, and small basins.  Could also be accomplished through the placement of hay bales, temporary soil berms or other materials.	U
Sediment Basin	No.	350	A basin constructed to collect and store sediment and debris.	Earthwork generally completed using heavy construction equipment to excavate and place fill to form a berm, dam or pit.	U
Shallow Water Management For Wildlife	Ac.	646	Managing shallow water on agricultural lands and moist soil areas for wildlife habitat.		E
Silvopasture	Ac.	381	A silvopasture application establishing trees on existing pastureland in a prescribed spacing to allow for the production of timber and forage.	Generally, existing pastureland is planted to trees using a mechanical tree planter or hand planting equipment.	E
Spoil Spreading	Ac.	572	Disposing of surplus excavated materials.	Use of heavy equipment to spread surplus excavated materials. May be upto 3 feet above natural ground surface.	U*	*Burial of archaeological deposits can have beneficial or detrimental effects depending on site specific circumstances.
Spring Development	No.	574	Improving springs and seeps by excavating, cleaning, capping, or providing collection and storage facilities.	Earthwork generally completed using heavy construction equipment to excavate and place fill to form a berm, dam or pit.	U
Stream Crossing	No.	728	A stabilized area to provide for crossing of a stream by livestock and farm machinery, or to provide access to the stream for livestock water.	Grading and limited shaping of the stream bank to allow for a more gradual access into and out of the stream.	U
Stream Habitat Improvement and Management	Ft.	395	Improving a stream channel to make a new fish habitat or to enhance an existing habitat.	Stream channel may be modified to the extent practical, to its original flow pattern usually by installing rifles and pools and de-straightening.    Usually performed with construction equipment on a stream that has been previously altered.	U
Streambank and Shoreline Protection	Ft.	580	Using vegetation or structures to stabilize and protect banks of streams, lakes, estuaries, or excavated channels against scour and erosion.	These areas are generally disturbed by high velocity water flows across the landscape.    Area affected may be artificial or natural	U
Stripcropping, Contour	Ac.	585	Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands on the contour to reduce water erosion.  The crops are arranged so that a strip of grass or close-growing crop is alternated with a strip of clean-tilled crop or fallow or a strip of grass is alternated with a close-growing crop.	Normal farm activity using normal farming equipment.	E
Stripcropping, Field	Ac.	586	Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips across the general slope (not on the contour) to reduce sheet and rill erosion. A strip of crops is grown between narrow permanent strips of grass or a close growing crop (e.g., wheat) is alternated with row crops in equal strip widths.	Normal farm activity using normal farming equipment.	E
Structure For Water Control	No.	587	A structure in an irrigation, drainage, or other water management systems that conveys water, controls the direction or rate of flow, or maintains a desired water surface elevation.	Usually consists of a pipe or weir with a movable gate.  The structure is installed into an earthen embankment.	U**	**Must be submitted to SHPO for review if planned as pads & pipes
Subsurface Drain	Ft.	606	A conduit, such as tile, pipe, or tubing, installed beneath the ground surface to collect an/or convey drainage water.	A pipe is installed 12 inches to five feet below the soil surface using a backhoe or trenching machine.	U
Surface Drainage Field Ditch	Ft.	607	A graded ditch for collecting excess water in a field.	Can be constructed using a tractor-mounted grading blade or small dozer.  Ditch can be 12 - 24 inches deep or more and 12 to 30 inches or more wide.	U
Surface Drainage Main or Lateral	Ft.	608	An open drainage ditch constructed to a designed size and grade.	Generally constructed using construction equipment such as a backhoe or excavator.	U
Terrace	Ft.	600	An earth embankment or a ridge and channel constructed across the slope at a suitable spacing and with an acceptable grade.	Soil is pushed up and down hill into a berm 18-30 inches high., or more and 6-20 feet wide or more.  A 6-12 inch channel is cut uphill of the terrace.	U**	***Must be submitted to SHPO for review
Tree/Shrub Establishment (Cropland)	Ac.	612	To set tree seedlings or cuttings in the soil.	Planting trees on a 10 foot by 10 foot or lesser density, in existing cropland.	U
Tree/Shrub Establishment (Pasture or Woodland)	Ac.	612	To set tree seedlings or cuttings in the soil.	Planting trees on a 10 foot by 10 foot or lesser density in existing pasture or woodland.	E
Tree/Shrub Site Preparation (Chemical, Burning or Mowing)	Ac.	490	Treating areas to encourage natural seeding of desirable trees or to permit reforestation by planting or direct seeding.	Chemical application, prescribed burning or mowing with a brush/forestry mower or bushhog.	E
Tree/Shrub Site Preparation (Mechanical)	Ac.	490	Treating areas to encourage natural seeding of desirable trees or to permit reforestation by planting or direct seeding.	Pushing and piling, chopping or disking.	U
Underground Outlet	Ft.	620	A conduit installed beneath the surface of the ground to collect surface water and convey it to a suitable outlet.	A pipe is installed 12 inches to five feet below the soil surface using a backhoe or trenching machine.	U
Upland Wildlife Habitat Management	Ac.	645	Retaining, creating, or managing areas, other than wetland, for food and shelter for wildlife.	May entail the plating of food plots or placement of bush piles for habitat.  Varies by site, but generally non-intrusive.	E
Use Exclusion	Ac.	472	Excluding livestock from an area not intended for grazing or to protect an area from excessive erosion or nutrient enrichment.	The actual operation is management and control of livestock although may require support practices such as fence and/or water facilities.	E
Vegetative Barrier	Ac.	601	Permanent strips of stiff, erect, dense perennial vegetation established along the general contour of slopes but crossing concentrated flow areas at c